Ever since the Wright Brothers did their first flight, there has allways been a question on how to cummunicate with the pilots in the air. First ground controls used the help of visuals to provide signals to the pilots. Then small portable advent radios came along, which for the first time allowed the pilots to cummunicate to the ground.
Nowadays, air-to-ground communication relies on many navigation systems on board and on ground. They now have the newest radio and GPS systems as well as internet and video capabililties.Radars are also a increadibly usefull tool in air-to-ground communication. Today every single plane in the aerial space is tracked down by Air Traffic control towers across the world, by tracking a signal given off by a on-board divice called transponder. These act as a personal identification for each aircraft, which allows Control towers to inmediatly recognize a plane. They work by recognizing radar frequencies as they interact with the aircraft. Then the transponder which is alerted by the radar responds by sending a singnal back to the Air Trafic control tower, which then identifies the aircraft.
They are also helpful to avoid acollision with other aircraft or with the ground, as they also give information about height, speed, etc..
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